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Satmar (Hebrew: ''סאטמאר'' or ''סאטמר'') is a Hasidic movement founded in 1905 by Rabbi Joel Teitelbaum in the city of Szatmárnémeti in Hungarian-ruled Partium, now Satu Mare, Romania. Following World War II it was reestablished in New York, becoming one of the largest Hasidic movements in the world. After Joel's death, he was succeeded by his nephew, Moshe Teitelbaum. Since the latter's death in 2006, the dynasty is split between his two sons, Aaron Teitelbaum and Zalman Teitelbaum. ==1905–1946== Upon the death of Chananya Yom Tov Lipa Teitelbaum, the Grand Rebbe of the Sighet Hasidic dynasty, in 1904, he was succeeded by his oldest son, Chaim Tzvi Teitelbaum. A small fraction of his hasidim regarded his second son, Joel Teitelbaum, as the appropriate heir. The younger brother left Sighet. On 8 September 1905, he settled in Satu Mare (in Yiddish: Satmar), where he began to attract a small following in addition to his few old supporters. Hungarian journalist Dezső Schön, who researched the Teitelbaum rabbis in the 1930s, wrote that Joel started referring to himself as the "Rebbe of Satmar" at that time.〔Dezső Schön. ''Istenkeresők a Kárpátok alatt: a haszidizmus regénye''. Múlt és Jövő Lapés Könyvk, 1997 (first edition in 1935). ISBN 9789638569776. pp. 286–287.〕〔Israel Rubin. ''Satmar: Two Generations of an Urban Island''. P. Lang, 1997. ISBN 9780820407593. p. 42.〕 Joel's power base grew with the years. In 1911, he received his first rabbinical post, being appointed chief rabbi of Irshava. In 1921, the northeastern regions of Hungary, which were densely populated with Orthodox Jews, were ceded to Czechoslovakia and Romania under the terms of the Treaty of Trianon. Many Sighet hasidim, unable to regularly visit Chaim Zvi's court, turned to his brother instead.〔Yitsḥaḳ Yosef Kohen. ''Ḥakhme Ṭransilṿanyah, 490–704''. Jerusalem Institute for the Legacy of Hungarian Jewry, 1988. OCLC 657948593. pp. 73–74.〕 In 1925, Teitelbaum was appointed chief Orthodox rabbi of Carei. On 21 January 1926, Chaim Zvi Teitelbaum died unexpectedly. While he was officially succeeded by his fourteen-year-old son, Yekusiel Yehuda Teitelbaum (II), his followers accepted Joel as their leader, and he became the dynasty's head in all but name.〔Yehudah Shṿarts. ''Ḥasidut Ṭransilvanyah be-Yiśraʼel''. Transylavanian Jewry Memorial Foundation, 1982. OCLC 559235849. p. 10.〕 In 1928, Joel was elected as chief Orthodox rabbi of Satu Mare itself. The appointment resulted in bitter strife within the Jewish community, and he only accepted the post in 1934.〔Schön, p. 320.〕 In the antebellum years he rose to become a prominent figure in Orthodox circles, leading an uncompromisingly conservative line against modernization. Among other issues, he was a fierce opponent of Zionism and Agudat Yisrael. On 19 March 1944, the German Army entered Hungary. The Jewish population, which was spared wholesale destruction prior to that time, was concentrated in the Satu Mare ghetto and deportations to the concentration camps ensued. Teitlebaum sought to reassure the frightened people who for the most part weren't able to leave the country, saying that in the merit of their religiosity they will be saved. However, when the Germans invaded, he was saved by his devoted followers who paid a huge ransom to have him included in the passenger list of the Kastner train. He reached Switzerland on the night of 7–8 December 1944, and soon immigrated to the British Mandate of Palestine. Many (but fewer than in Poland) of his followers who he left behind were killed by the Nazis. He chose to move to the United States following his last daughter's death in Jerusalem, after a year,〔David N. Myers. ''("Commanded War": Three Chapters in the "Military" History of Satmar Hasidism )''. Oxford University Press, 2013. pp. 25–26.〕 arriving in New York aboard the MS Vulcania on 26 September 1946.〔Retrieved on ancestry.com.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Satmar (Hasidic dynasty)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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